Bibliography – Biophenols

Health benefits

Biophenolea: cardiovascular system, antioxidant (prevention of the ldl cholesterol oxidation)

bergaphen-15: cholesterol-lowering effects – metabolic disorders

bilberryphen-95: cardiovascular system, mitochondrial antioxidant – various diseases.

Stefania D'Angelo, Patrizia Gallettia et al.

Hydroxytyrosol, a natural antioxidant from olive oil, prevents protein damage induced by long-wave ultraviolet radiation in melanoma cells, Hydroxytyrosol, a natural antioxidant from olive oil, prevents protein damage induced by long-wave ultraviolet radiation in melanoma cells; Free Radical Biology and Medicine Volume 38, Issue 7, 1 April 2005, Pages 908-919,

Keitaro Hagiwara, Hiromi Hagiwara et al.

Olive polyphenol hydroxytyrosol prevents bone loss, Olive polyphenol hydroxytyrosol prevents bone loss; European Journal of Pharmacology Volume 662, Issues 1–3, 15 July 2011, Pages 78-84,

El-Azem N, Ramirez-Tortosa M

Modulation by hydroxytyrosol of oxidative stress and antitumor activities of paclitaxel in breast cancer., Modulation by hydroxytyrosol of oxidative stress and antitumor activities of paclitaxel in breast cancer; European Journal of Nutrition (2018),

Li‑Qiang Zhi, Jian‑Bing Ma et al.

Hydroxytyrosol inhibits the inflammatory response of osteoarthritis chondrocytes via SIRT6-mediated autophagy, Hydroxytyrosol inhibits the inflammatory response of osteoarthritis chondrocytes via SIRT6-mediated autophagy; Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 4035-4042.,

Cristina Vilaplana, Angel Gil-Izquierdoet al.

Hydroxytyrosol and Potential Uses in Cardiovascular Diseases, Cancer, and AIDS, Hydroxytyrosol and Potential Uses in Cardiovascular Diseases, Cancer, and AIDS; Frontiers in Nutrition. 10.3389/fnut.2014.00018.,

Alev Yüksel Aydar et al.

Effects of Hydroxytyrosol on Human Health, Effects of Hydroxytyrosol on Human Health; EC Nutrition 11.4 (2017): 147-157,

Haseeb Zubair, Ajay Partap Singh et al.

Hydroxytyrosol Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest and Suppresses Multiple Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer Cells, Hydroxytyrosol Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest and Suppresses Multiple Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer Cells; Nutrition and Cancer, 69:6, 932-942,

Fiorella Casamenti, Massimo Stefani

Olive Oil polyphenols can be Useful to Prevent Aging-Associated Neurodegeneration, Olive Oil polyphenols can be Useful to Prevent Aging-Associated Neurodegeneration; Journal of Alzheimer’s Parkinsonism & Dementia Published July 28, 2017 ,

Julien Peyrol, Catherine Riva, Marie Josephe Amiot-Carlin

Hydroxytyrosol in the Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Hydroxytyrosol in the Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders; Nutrients, MDPI, 2017, 9 (3), pp.1-18,

Francisca Echeverría, Luis A. Videla et al.

Hydroxytyrosol and Cytoprotection: A Projection for Clinical Interventions, Hydroxytyrosol and Cytoprotection: A Projection for Clinical Interventions; Int J Mol Sci. 2017 May; 18(5): 930. ,

Mi-Na Choi, Young-Sam Kim et al.

Anti-oxidant Effects of Hydroxytyrosol in Human Dermal Fibroblasts, Anti-oxidant Effects of Hydroxytyrosol in Human Dermal Fibroblasts; Asian J Beauty Cosmetol 2018; 16(1): 113-121 ,

Ningning Wanga, Deliang Wen et al.

Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates insulin resistance by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and prevents hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obesity mice, Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates insulin resistance by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and prevents hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obesity mice; The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Volume 57, July 2018, Pages 180-188,

The health effects of oleuropein, one of the major phenolic compounds of olives, Olea Europaea L., The health effects of oleuropein, one of the major phenolic compounds of olives, Olea Europaea L.; Vol 28 No 2 (2016): Italian Journal of food science,

Alzheimer’s-associated Aβ oligomers show altered structure, immunoreactivity and synaptotoxicity with low doses of oleocanthal, Alzheimer's-associated Aβ oligomers show altered structure, immunoreactivity and synaptotoxicity with low doses of oleocanthal; Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 240 (2009) 189–197 ,

The neuroprotective effect of olive leaf extract is related to improved blood–brain barrier permeability and brain edema in rat with experimental focal cerebral ischemia, The neuroprotective effect of olive leaf extract is related to improved blood–brain barrier permeability and brain edema in rat with experimental focal cerebral ischemia; Phytomedicine 18 (2011) 170–175,

Visioli F, Sala A et al.

Olive phenol hydroxytyrosol prevent passive smoking induced oxidative stress, Olive phenol hydroxytyrosol prevent passive smoking induced oxidative stress; Circulation 2000 Oct 31; 102(18):2169-71. ,

Oxidative DNA Damage Is Prevented by Extracts of Olive Oil, Hydroxytyrosol, and Other Olive Phenolic Compounds in Human Blood Mononuclear Cells and HL60 Cells, Oxidative DNA Damage Is Prevented by Extracts of Olive Oil, Hydroxytyrosol, and Other Olive Phenolic Compounds in Human Blood Mononuclear Cells and HL60 Cells; The Journal of Nutrition Biochemical, Molecular, and Genetic Mechanisms ,

Antiproliferative and antioxidant effects on breast cancer cells of oleuropein and its semisynthetic peracetylated derivatives, Antiproliferative and antioxidant effects on breast cancer cells of oleuropein and its semisynthetic peracetylated derivatives; Food Chemistry 127 (2011) 1609–1614 ,

Obied HK, Prenzler PD, Konczak I, Rehman AU, Robards K.

Chemistry and bioactivity of olive biophenols in some antioxidant and antiproliferative in vitro bioassays, Chemistry and bioactivity of olive biophenols in some antioxidant and antiproliferative in vitro bioassays; Chem Res Toxicol. 2009 Jan;22(1):227-34,

Olive Fruit Extracts Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells1, Olive Fruit Extracts Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells1-The Journal of Nutrition Nutrition and Disease,

Trichopoulou A

Olive oil and breast cancer, Olive oil and breast cancer; Cancer Causes Control, 196(6):475-6 1995 Nov,

Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D et al.

Consumption of olive oil and specific food groups in relation to breast cancer risk in Greece;, Consumption of olive oil and specific food groups in relation to breast cancer risk in Greece; J Natl Cancer Inst 1995 Jan 18;87(2):110-6.,

la Vecchia C, Lipworth L et al.

Olive oil, other dietary fats, and the risk of breast cancer (Italy), Olive oil, other dietary fats, and the risk of breast cancer (Italy); Cancer Causes Control, 6(6):545-50 1995 Nov.,

Ragione FD, Zappia V et al.

Hydroxytyrosol, a natural molecule occurring in olive oil, induces cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis, Hydroxytyrosol, a natural molecule occurring in olive oil, induces cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis; Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000 Nov 30; 278(3): 733-9,

Stoneham M, Goldacre M, Seagroatt V, Gill L

Olive oil, diet and colorectal cancer: an ecological study and a hypothesis, Olive oil, diet and colorectal cancer: an ecological study and a hypothesis; J Epidemiol Community Health 2000 Oct; 54 (10): 756-60,

Owen RW, Barstch H et al.

The antioxidant/anticancer potential of phenolic compounds isolated from olive oil, The antioxidant/anticancer potential of phenolic compounds isolated from olive oil; Eur J Cancer 2000 Jun;36(10):1235-47.,

Antimycoplasmal Activity of Hydroxytyrosol, Antimycoplasmal Activity of Hydroxytyrosol; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Dec. 2004, p. 4892–4894 Vol. 48, No. 12 ,

Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Polyphenolic Compounds from OliveMillWastewater, Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Polyphenolic Compounds from OliveMillWastewater; Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2011, Article ID 431021, 9 pages,

Mechanism of the antiviral effect of hydroxytyrosol on influenza virus appears to involve morphological change of the virus, Mechanism of the antiviral effect of hydroxytyrosol on influenza virus appears to involve morphological change of the virus; Antiviral Research 83 (2009) 35–44 ,

In Vitro Activity of Olive Oil Polyphenols against Helicobacter pylori, In Vitro Activity of Olive Oil Polyphenols against Helicobacter pylori; J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 680-686,

Jurd L, King AD Jr, Mihara K, Stanley WL

Antimicrobial properties of natural phenols and related compounds, Antimicrobial properties of natural phenols and related compounds; Appl Microbiol 1971 Mar;21(3):507-10.,

Walter WM Jr, Fleming HP, Etchells JL

Preparation of antimicrobial compounds by hydrolysis of oleuropein from green olives, Preparation of antimicrobial compounds by hydrolysis of oleuropein from green olives; Appl Microbiol 1973 Nov; 26(5): 773,

Capasso R, Cristinzio G et al.

Antibacterial polyphenols from olive oil mill waste waters, Antibacterial polyphenols from olive oil mill waste waters; J Appl Bacteriol 1995 Oct; 79(4): 393,

Bisignano G, Saija A et al.

On the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, On the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol; J Pharm Pharmacol 1999 Aug; 51(8):971-4.,

Protection of LDL from oxidation by olive oil polyphenols is associated with a downregulation of CD40-ligand expression and its downstream products in vivo in humans, Protection of LDL from oxidation by olive oil polyphenols is associated with a downregulation of CD40-ligand expression and its downstream products in vivo in humans; The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition- March 21, 2012,

The effect of verbascoside on cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate levels in isolated rat heart, The effect of verbascoside on cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate levels in isolated rat heart; European Journal of Pharmacology , Volume 305 (1) Elsevier – Jun 3, 1996,

Cardioprotective and neuroprotective roles of oleuropeinin olive, Cardioprotective and neuroprotective roles of oleuropeinin olive ; Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal (2010) 18, 111–121 ,

Olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract effective in patients with stage-1 hypertension: Comparison with Captopril, Olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract effective in patients with stage-1 hypertension: Comparison with Captopril; Phytomedicine 18 (2011) 251–258,

Visioli F, Bellomo G, Galli C

Low density lipoprotein oxidation is inhibited in vitro by olive oil constituents, Low density lipoprotein oxidation is inhibited in vitro by olive oil constituents; Atherosclerosis 1995 Sep;117(1):25-32.,

Salami M, Galli C, De Angelis L, Visioli F

Formation of F2-isoprostanes in oxidized low density lipoprotein: inhibitory effects of hydroxytyrosol, Formation of F2-isoprostanes in oxidized low density lipoprotein: inhibitory effects of hydroxytyrosol; Pharmacol Res 1995 May; 31(5):275-9.,

Petroni A, Galli C et al.

Inhibition of platelet aggregation and eicosanoid production by phenolic components of olive oil, Inhibition of platelet aggregation and eicosanoid production by phenolic components of olive oil; Thromb Res 1995 Apr 15;78(2):151-60.,

Kohyama N, Nagata T, Fujimoto S, Sekiya K

Inhibition of arachidonate lipoxygenase activities by 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanol, a phenolic compound from olives, Inhibition of arachidonate lipoxygenase activities by 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanol, a phenolic compound from olives; Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997 Feb;61(2):347-50.,

Visioli F, Galli C

The effect of minor constituents of olive oil on cardiovascular disease: new findings, The effect of minor constituents of olive oil on cardiovascular disease: new findings; Nutr Rev 1998 May;56(5 Pt 1):142-7.,

de la Puerta R, Ruiz Gutierrez V, Hoult JR

Inhibition of leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase by phenolics from virgin olive oil, Inhibition of leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase by phenolics from virgin olive oil; Biochem Pharmacol 1999 Feb 15;57(4):445-9.,

Visioli F, Sala A. et al.

Olive Oils Rich in Natural Catecholic Phenols Decrease Isoprostane Excretion in Humans, Olive Oils Rich in Natural Catecholic Phenols Decrease Isoprostane Excretion in Humans; Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000 Nov 30;278(3):797-799.,

Serafini M, Laranjinha JA, Almeida LM, Maiani G

Inhibition of human LDL lipid peroxidation by phenol-rich beverages and their impact on plasma total antioxidant capacity in humans, Inhibition of human LDL lipid peroxidation by phenol-rich beverages and their impact on plasma total antioxidant capacity in humans; J Nutr Biochem 2000 Nov;11(11-12):585-590.,

Fito M, Marrugat J et al.

Olive oil and inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation. Role of phenolic compounds, Olive oil and inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation. Role of phenolic compounds; Med Clin (Barc) 2000 Jul 1; 115(5): 166-9.,

Fito M, Marrugat J et al.

Protective effect of olive oil and its phenolic compounds against low density lipoprotein oxidation, Protective effect of olive oil and its phenolic compounds against low density lipoprotein oxidation; Lipids 2000 Jun; 35(6): 633-8.,

Polyphenolic Extracts from Olea europea L. Protect Against Cytokine-Induced, Polyphenolic Extracts from Olea europea L. Protect Against Cytokine-Induced b-Cell Damage Through Maintenance of Redox Homeostasis - REJUVENATION RESEARCH Volume 14, Number 3, 2011,

J. Agric

Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effects of Hydroxytyrosol, Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effects of Hydroxytyrosol and 2 Oleuropein from Olive Leaves in Alloxan-Diabetic Rats -Food Chem,

The olive oil antioxidant hydroxytyrosol efficiently protects against the oxidative, The olive oil antioxidant hydroxytyrosol efficiently protects against the oxidative stress-induced impairment of the NOo response of isolated rat aorta- Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292: H1931-H1936, 2007 ,

The Olive Constituent Oleuropein Exhibits Anti-Ischemic, The Olive Constituent Oleuropein Exhibits Anti-Ischemic, Antioxidative, and Hypolipidemic Effects in Anesthetized Rabbits-The Journal of Nutrition Nutrition and Disease,

Olive extract supplement decreases pain and improves daily activities in adults, Olive extract supplement decreases pain and improves daily activities in adults with osteoarthritis and decreases plasma homocysteine in those with rheumatoid arthritis Nutrition Research 27 (2007) 470-477,

Multiple pharmacological effects of olive oil phenols, Multiple pharmacological effects of olive oil phenols - Food Chemistry Volume 104, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 1269-1271,

One-month administration of hydroxytyrosol, a phenolic antioxidant present in olive oil, One-month administration of hydroxytyrosol, a phenolic antioxidant present in olive oil, to hyperlipemic rabbits improves blood lipid profile, antioxidant status and reduces atherosclerosis development - Atherosclerosis 188 (2006) 35-42,

Potent antioxidant biophenols from olive mill, Potent antioxidant biophenols from olive mill waste-Food Chemistry 111 (2008) 171-178,

Visioli F, Vincerri FF, Galli C

‘Waste waters’ from olive oil production are rich in natural antioxidants, 'Waste waters' from olive oil production are rich in natural antioxidants; Visioli F, Vincerri FF, Galli C; Experientia 1995 Jan 15; 51(1): 32-4.,

de la Puerta R, Ruiz Gutierrez V, Hoult JR

Inhibition of leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase by phenolics from virgin olive oil, Inhibition of leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase by phenolics from virgin olive oil; de la Puerta R, Ruiz Gutierrez V, Hoult JR; Biochem Pharmacol 1999 Feb 15;57(4):445-9.,

Vieira O, Escargueil-Blanc I, Meilhac O, Basile JP, Laranjinha J, Almeida L, Salvayre R, Negre-Salvayre A

Effect of dietary phenolic compounds on apoptosis of human cultured endothelial cells induced by oxidized, Effect of dietary phenolic compounds on apoptosis of human cultured endothelial cells induced by oxidized LDL; Vieira O, Escargueil-Blanc I, Meilhac O, Basile JP, Laranjinha J, Almeida L, Salvayre R, Negre-Salvayre A; Br J Pharmacol 1998 Feb; 123(3): 565-73.,

Galli C, Visioli F; Lipids

Antioxidant and other activities of phenolics in olives/olive oil, Antioxidant and other activities of phenolics in olives/olive oil, typical components of the Mediterranean diet; Galli C, Visioli F; Lipids 1999;34 Suppl:S23-6.,

Elisa Tripoli, Marco Giammanco*, Garden Tabacchi, Danila Di Majo, Santo Giammanco and Maurizio La Guardia;

The phenolic compounds of olive oil, The phenolic compounds of olive oil: structure, biological activity and beneficial effects on human health; Elisa Tripoli, Marco Giammanco*, Garden Tabacchi, Danila Di Majo, Santo Giammanco and Maurizio La Guardia; Nutrition Research Reviews (2005), 18, 98-112,The Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables, cereals, fruit, fish, milk, wine and olive oil and has salutary biological functions. Epidemiological studies have shown a lower incidence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and certain kinds of cancer in the Mediterranean area. Olive oil is the main source of fat, and the Mediterranean diet's healthy effects can in particular be attributed not only to the high relationship between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in olive oil but also to the antioxidant property of its phenolic compounds. The main phenolic compounds, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, which give extra-virgin olive oil its bitter, pungent taste, have powerful antioxidant activity both in vivo and in vitro. The present review focuses on recent works analysing the relationship between the structure of olive oil polyphenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity. These compounds' possible beneficial effects are due to their antioxidant activity, which is related to the development of atherosclerosis and cancer, and to anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.

DOI: cambridge.org

Matsuoka Y.

Polyphenolics antioxidants general topical, "Curative properties of a topical product containing olive fruit polyphenol shown by a placebo controlled, double blind study using half face", 107th AnnualMeeting of Japanese Dermatological Association, (April 10-20, 2008),

Simone Muniz Pacheco, Roselia Maria Spanevelloa et al.

Anthocyanins as a potential pharmacological agent to manage memory deficit, oxidative stress and alterations in ion pump activity induced by experimental sporadic dementia of Alzheimer’s type, Anthocyanins as a potential pharmacological agent to manage memory deficit, oxidative stress and alterations in ion pump activity induced by experimental sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type; The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Volume 56, June 2018, Pages 193-204,

Anthocyanins and Human Health: An In Vitro Investigative Approach, Anthocyanins and Human Health: An In Vitro Investigative Approach; Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Volume 2004, Issue 5, Pages 306-313,

Frank J, , Vessby B et al.

Effects of dietary anthocyanins on tocopherols and lipids in rats, Effects of dietary anthocyanins on tocopherols and lipids in rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50(25):7226-7230.,

Andriambeloson E, Magnier C, Haan-Archipoff G, et al.

Natural dietary polyphenolic compounds cause endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in rat thoracic aorta, Natural dietary polyphenolic compounds cause endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in rat thoracic aorta. J Nutr. 1998;128(12):2324-2333.,

Youdim K, Martin A, Joseph J.

Incorporation of the elderberry anthocyanins by endothelial cells increases protection against oxidative stress, Incorporation of the elderberry anthocyanins by endothelial cells increases protection against oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000;29(1):51-60.,

Mazza G, Miniati E.

Anthocyanins in Fruits, Vegetables,and Grains, Anthocyanins in Fruits, Vegetables,and Grains; Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1993.,

Kandil F, Smith MA et al.

Isolation of oligomeric proanthocyanidins from flavonoid-producing cell cultures, Isolation of oligomeric proanthocyanidins from flavonoid-producing cell cultures. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. 2000;36:492-500.,

Bomser J, Smith MA et al.

In vitro anticancer activity of fruit extracts from Vaccinium species, In vitro anticancer activity of fruit extracts from Vaccinium species; Planta Med. 1996;62(3):212-216.,

Meiers S, Marko D et al.

The anthocyanidins cyanidin and delphinidin are potent inhibitors of the epidermal growth-factor receptor, The anthocyanidins cyanidin and delphinidin are potent inhibitors of the epidermal growth-factor receptor. J Agric Food Chem. 2001;49(2):958-962.,

Kang SY1, Seeram NP, Nair MG, Bourquin LD.

Tart cherry anthocyanins inhibit tumor development in Apc(Min) mice and reduce proliferation of human colon cancer cells, Tart cherry anthocyanins inhibit tumor development in Apc(Min) mice and reduce proliferation of human colon cancer cells; Cancer Lett. 2003; 194(1):13-19.,

Hou DX

Potentialmechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by anthocyanins, Potential mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by anthocyanins; Curr Mol Med. 2003;3(2): 149-159.,

Matsumoto H, Hirayama M et al.

Stimulatory effect of cyanidin 3-glycosides on the regeneration of rhodopsin, Stimulatory effect of cyanidin 3-glycosides on the regeneration of rhodopsin; J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51(12):3560-3563.,

Muth ER, Laurent J, Jasper P.

The effect of bilberry nutritional supplementation on night visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, The effect of bilberry nutritional supplementation on night visual acuity and contrast sensitivity; Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(2):164-173.,

Nakaishi H, Matsumoto H, Tominaga S, Hirayama M

Effects of black currant anthocyanoside intake on dark adaptation and VDT work-induced transient refractive alteration in healthy humans, Effects of black currant anthocyanoside intake on dark adaptation and VDT work-induced transient refractive alteration in healthy humans; Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(6):553-562,

Matsumoto H, Tsuda T et al.

Orally administered delphinidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside are directly absorbed in rats and humans and appear in the blood as the intact forms, Orally administered delphinidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside are directly absorbed in rats and humans and appear in the blood as the intact forms; J Agric Food Chem. 2001;49(3):1546-1551.,

Stintzing F, Wrolstad R. et al.

Color and antioxidant properties of cyaniding based anthocyanin pigments, Color and antioxidant properties of cyaniding based anthocyanin pigments; J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50(21):6172-6181.,

Liu R

Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals., Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals; Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(suppl 3):517S-520S.,

Hou DX, Kai K, Li JJ, et al.

Anthocyanidins inhibit activator protein 1 activity and cell transformation: structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms, Anthocyanidins inhibit activator protein 1 activity and cell transformation: structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms; Carcinogenesis. 2004;25(1):29-36.,

Miyazawa T, Someya K et al.

Direct intestinal absorption of red fruit anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, into rats and humans, Direct intestinal absorption of red fruit anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, into rats and humans; J Agric Food Chem. 1999;47(3):1083-1091.,

McGhie T, Ainge G, Barnett L, Cooney J, Jensen D

Anthocyanin glycosides from berry fruit are absorbed and excreted unmetabolized by both humans and rats, Anthocyanin glycosides from berry fruit are absorbed and excreted unmetabolized by both humans and rats; J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51(16): 4539-4548.,

Matsumoto H, Okubo K et al.

Antioxidant activity of black currant anthocyanin aglycons and their glycosides measured by chemiluminescence in a neutral pH region and in human plasma, Antioxidant activity of black currant anthocyanin aglycons and their glycosides measured by chemiluminescence in a neutral pH region and in human plasma; J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50(18):5034-5037.,

Kong JM, Brouillard R et al.

Analysis and biological activities of anthocyanins, Analysis and biological activities of anthocyanins; Phytochemistry. 2003;64(5):923-933.,

Russo A, Acquaviva R, Campisi A, et al.

Bioflavonoids as antiradicals, antioxidants and DNA cleavage protectors, Bioflavonoids as antiradicals, antioxidants and DNA cleavage protectors. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2000;16(2):91-98.,

Prior R, Cao G, Martin A, et al.

Antioxidant capacity as influenced by total phenolic and anthocyanin content, maturity, and variety of Vaccinium species, Antioxidant capacity as influenced by total phenolic and anthocyanin content, maturity, and variety of Vaccinium species; J Agric Food Chem. 1998;46(7):2686-2693.,

Rossi A, Serraino I, Dugo P, et al.

Protective effects of anthocyanins from blackberry in a rat model of acute lung inflammation, Protective effects of anthocyanins from blackberry in a rat model of acute lung inflammation; Free Radic Res. 2003;37(8):891-900.,

Ramirez-Tortosa C, Duthie GG. et al.

Anthocyanin-rich extract decreases indices of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in vitamin Edepleted rats. Free Radic, Anthocyanin-rich extract decreases indices of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in vitamin Edepleted rats. Free Radic,

Lefevre M, Howard L, Most M, Ju Z, Delany J.

Microarray analysis of the effects of grape anthocyanins on hepatic gene expression in mice, Microarray analysis of the effects of grape anthocyanins on hepatic gene expression in mice; FASEB J. 2004;18:A851.,

Lazze M, Pizzala R, Savio M, Stivala L, Prosperi E, Bianchi L.

Anthocyanins protect against DNA damage induced by tert-butyl-hydroperoxide in rat smooth muscle and hepatoma cells, Anthocyanins protect against DNA damage induced by tert-butyl-hydroperoxide in rat smooth muscle and hepatoma cells; Mutat Res. 2003;535(1):103-115.,

Acquaviva R, Russo A, Vanella A. et al.

Cyanidin and cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside as DNA cleavage protectors and antioxidants, Cyanidin and cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside as DNA cleavage protectors and antioxidants; Cell Biol Toxicol.2003;19(4):243-252.,

Wang S, Jiao H.

Scavenging capacity of berry crops on superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and singlet oxygen, Scavenging capacity of berry crops on superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and singlet oxygen; J Agric Food Chem. 2000;48(11):5677-5684.,

Tsuda T, Horio F, Uchida K, Aoki H, Osawa T.

Dietary cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucosiderich purple corn color prevents obesity and ameliorates hyperglycemia in mice, Dietary cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucosiderich purple corn color prevents obesity and ameliorates hyperglycemia in mice; J Nutr. 2003;133(7):2125-2130. ,

Tsuda T, Horio F, Osawa T.

Cyanidin 3-O-beta-Dglucoside suppresses nitric oxide production during a zymosan treatment in rats, Cyanidin 3-O-beta-Dglucoside suppresses nitric oxide production during a zymosan treatment in rats; . J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2002;48(4):305-310. ,

Tsuda T, Shiga K, Ohshima K, Kawakishi S, Osawa T.

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the active oxygen radical scavenging effect of anthocyanin pigments isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris L., Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the active oxygen radical scavenging effect of anthocyanin pigments isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris L.;Biochem Pharmacol. 1996;52(7):1033-1039. ,

Seung-Ho Lee, Mi Jung Seo, Seul Min Choi, Yong Sung Sohn, Kyung Koo Kang, Byoung Ok Ahn, Jong Won Kwon, and Moohi Yoo ;

DA-9201 Shows Anti-Asthmatic Effects by Suppressing NF-κB Expression in an Ovalbumin-Induced Mouse Model of Asthma, DA-9201 Shows Anti-Asthmatic Effects by Suppressing NF-κB Expression in an Ovalbumin-Induced Mouse Model of Asthma; Arch Pharm Res Vol 28, No 12, 1350-1357, 2005 ,

Sang-Joon Park, Won-Ho Shin, Joung-Wook Seo and Eun-Joo Kim

Anthocyanins inhibit airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine asthma model, Anthocyanins inhibit airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine asthma model; Food and Chemical Toxicology Volume 45, Issue 8, August 2007, Pages 1459-1467 ,

Anette Karlsen, L. Retterstol, P. Laake, I. Paur, S. Kjolsrud-Bohn, L. Sandvik and R. Blomhoff

Anthocyanins Inhibit Nuclear Factor-B Activation in Monocytes and Reduce Plasma Concentrations of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in Healthy Adults, Anthocyanins Inhibit Nuclear Factor-B Activation in Monocytes and Reduce Plasma Concentrations of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in Healthy Adults; Journal of Nutrition - August 2007, Volume 137, Pages 1951-1954,

Ferlazzo N, Navarra M et al.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Citrus bergamia Derivatives: Where Do We Stand?, Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Citrus bergamia Derivatives: Where Do We Stand?; Molecules 2016, 21(10), 1273; ,

Ross Walker, Elzbieta Janda, Vincenzo Mollace

The Use of Bergamot-Derived Polyphenol Fraction in Cardiometabolic Risk Prevention and its Possible Mechanisms of Action, The Use of Bergamot-Derived Polyphenol Fraction in Cardiometabolic Risk Prevention and its Possible Mechanisms of Action; in book : Polyphenols in Human Health and Disease, pp.1087-1105, December 2014 ,

Shouchuang Wang, Juan Xucorresponding et al.

Characterization and Metabolic Diversity of Flavonoids in Citrus Species, Characterization and Metabolic Diversity of Flavonoids in Citrus Species; Scientific Reports volume 7, Article number: 10549 (2017) ,

Peter P. Toth, Manfredi Rizzo et al.

Bergamot Reduces Plasma Lipids, Atherogenic Small Dense LDL, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Subjects with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia: A 6 Months Prospective Study, Bergamot Reduces Plasma Lipids, Atherogenic Small Dense LDL, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Subjects with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia: A 6 Months Prospective Study; Front. Pharmacol, 06 January 2016,

Marina Russo, Paola Dugo et al.

Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) as a source of nutraceuticals: Limonoids and flavonoids, Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) as a source of nutraceuticals: Limonoids and flavonoids; Journal of Functional Foods Volume 20, January 2016, Pages 10-19,

Cristina Carresi, Vincenzo Musolino et al.

Studies on the protective role of Bergamot polyphenols in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, Studies on the protective role of Bergamot polyphenols in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity; PharmaNutrition Volume 4, Supplement, October 2016, Pages S19-S26,

Wiejak J1, Dunlop J, Mackay SP, Yarwood SJ.

(Italiano) Flavanoids induce expression of the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) gene and suppress IL-6-activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in vascular endothelial cells, Flavanoids induce expression of the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) gene and suppress IL-6-activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in vascular endothelial cells. Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK. Biochem J. 2013,

Micaela Gliozzi, Vincenzo Mollace et al.

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